- The added line is THIS COLOR.
- The deleted line is THIS COLOR.
Current status: Two new-tube computers, one as a PXE server and the other one as a client, can run nicely.
We want to make a diskless computing system so that we need a PXE Server. PXE stands for "Pre-boot eXecution Environment". PXE is a special extension of services provided by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). It uses a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server to provide minimal boot to a network client. Let's try to configure it!
#contents
* Small subnet for testing DHCP [#f0142583]
**What we need [#pe839496]
- A computer with linux operating system to be configured as a server. Here we use Fedora Linux. This computer should have at least two network interface cards (NIC). One of the cards will be used to connect the server with client.
- Computer that acts as a client. For a checking purpose we need this computer to have SSH facility (it does not matter to use Windows or Linux).
- Network hub and cables.
**Checking [#r1faf503]
***Network setting [#j7b294ed]
- Turn on the hub, connect a network cable from Fedora Linux computer (PXE server) to the hub (e.g. to channel 1)
-Note: Form now we will address this Fedora Linux machine as PXE Server although it is not configured yet as PXE server.
- Connect again a network cable from the client computer (Windows/Linux) to the hub (e.g. to channel 2).
- Open Network configuration on PXE server using root privilege (i.e login or su as root). We should set network interface card that has been connected to the hub.
- Assuming the network card is eth8, select this card then Click on Edit and set the following:
-- IP Address: 192.168.2.30
-- Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
--After that activate this NIC if it is not activated yet.
- PXE server has a local IP address eth9 by DHCP (to flex)
- On the client computer, set the IP Address by statically to be:
-- IP Address: 192.168.2.100
-- Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
-- gateway 192.168.2.30 (specified by dhcpd.conf and ipfowarding is needed)
- We adopt the PXE server which will be used as the OS of diskless PXE client
***SSH check [#tad4148a]
- Open SSH software on client computer, for example, Putty or any command line software:
ssh username@192.168.2.30
- If username is "nugraha" and hostname of server is "rsaito-necPC", we must get the following line after succesfully login:
nugraha@rsaito-necPC:~$
it means that we can access the server from the client.
* Setting for the PXE server machine [#fea55b57]
** SElinux should be in permissive mode. [#e2317643]
- edit /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=permissive
!SELINUXTYP=targeted
** Install DHCP and TFTP Server etc [#s9d399d8]
- Install dhcp, syslinux, tftp-server, nfs-utils, system-config-netboot(su root)
# yum install dhcp syslinux tftp-server nfs-utils system-config-netboot
- Check if the software is nicely installed
# rpm -qa | grep syslinux
syslinux-2.2.2.2.2
-- If we can see name + version, then ok. If not, yum install again.
** DHCP Configuration [#b4fdd07c]
- Edit /etc/dhcpd.conf. The following is a configuration for a network that uses:
-- 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0 addressing
-- Dynamic address will be provided between 192.168.2.100 and 192.168.2.240
-- DHCP server (next server) at IP address 192.168.2.30
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.240;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.200 192.168.2.240;
next-server 192.168.2.30;
}
host trytube1 { # hostname
hardware ethernet 00:30:48:d4:a9:7c; # MAC address of NIC
fixed-address 192.168.2.101; # corresponding IP address
filename "/linux-install/pxelinux.0";
}
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
next-server 192.168.2.30;
filename "/linux-install/pxelinux.0";
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
next-server 192.168.2.30;
filename "/linux-install/pxelinux.0";
}
Warning: Do not use the IP address of PXE-Client within the range 200-240.
-- Turn on dhcpd
# /sbin/service dhcpd restart
# chkconfig dhcpd on
(the last line is for activating dhcp on booting process)
-- Check if the dhcp server can work.
--- Open a client computer which is connected to server
--- Set the TCP/IP to dynamically set for IP address.
--- Connect by ssh
% putty username@192.168.2.30
---If we can connect, it means DHCP has successfully been configured.
% ipconfig -a
--- Please keep Mac Address of the client PC, in this case 00-21-70-c9-e7-de (another Dell PC).
** TFTP Configuration [#nfd5db55]
- Edit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp of the PXE server machine
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
- (1) disable = no, and (2) server_args = -s /tftpboot should be changed.
- Possible problems: (1) tftp does not work, (2) tftp does not find the files.
- tftpd is running under the xinetd. We restart xinetd
# service xinetd restart
** NFS configuration [#r08426e2]
*** Copy system data for booting [#v32daf81]
- We will make file systems /nfsboot
# mkdir /nfsboot
# mkdir /nfsboot/root
- rsync will be used for copying the files.
# rsync -v -a \
--exclude='/proc/*' --exclude='/sys/*' --exclude='/dev/*'\
--exclude='/media/*' --exclude='/tmp/*' --exclude='/misc/*'\
--exclude='/nfsboot/*' / /nfsboot/root
- 10GB files (10min) are needed. The file system will be used as NFS files.
*** Firewall and starting NFS [#u8bca647]
- NFS hosts is PXE server (192.168.2.30).
- Edit /etc/exports
/nfsboot 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0(rw,no_root_squash,async)
- Edit /etc/sysconfig/nfs
-- uncomment MOUNTD_PORT
# Port rpc.mountd should listen on.
#MOUNTD_PORT=892
MOUNTD_PORT=892
- Change firewall for NFS, run system-config-firewall
# system-config-firewall
-- add 111 tcp
-- add 111 udp
-- add 892 tcp
-- add 892 udp
--- for 892 port, we set by hand.
- Start nfs
# service nfs restart
# cd /etc/rc5.d/
# mv K20nfs S20nfs
# ./S20nfs restart
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
# ./S20nfs status
rpc.mountd (pid 12153) is running...
nfsd (pid 12150 12149 12148 12147 12146 12145 12144 12143) is running...
rpc.rquotad (pid 12138) is running...
- 'K' in 'K20nfs' means that file does not run by default, then we change into 'S'.
** Netboot [#nd1b2b49]
- Files directory is made automatically by
# system-config-netboot
- or we can use: GNOME System - Administration - Server Setting - Network Booting Service
-- push Diskless button for the first time
-- then Diskless identifier windows starts
Name: fedora64bit
Description: fedora bla... bla... bla...
-- NFS information:
server 192.168.2.30
directory /nfsboot
-- Select a newer Kernel.
-- Automatically it will generate /tftpboot/linux-install/fedora64bit/ and
--- /tftpboot/linux-install/fedora64bit/initrd.img
--- /tftpboot/linux-install/fedora64bit/vmliuz
-- New windows appears
IP address/subnet: 255.255.255.0 <- we use subnet information
operating system: fedora64bit
Other part should be as it is.
-- /nfsboot/snapshot/255.255.255.0/ will be generated automatically.
--- FFFFFF00 (255.255.255.0) file is generated as above.
# cd /tftpboot/linux-install/pxelinux.cfg
# mv default default.org
# ln -s FFFFFF00 01-00-21-70-c9-e7-de
--- when default exists, PXE client first try to read this.
--- 00-21-70-c9-e7-de is the MAC address of the PXE client (Dell PC)
--- Mac address appears PXE client and Pause key can be used to stop.
--- PXE try to read 01-00-21-70-c9-e7-de the file first.
-- An important thing is to put "01-" at the top of the name.
--- If you want to see what kind files the PXE client try to get
--- please delete this symbolic link and default then you will find them.
* Set PXE client [#j2d1c71b]
- Start BIOS and select BOOT.
- Select Network boot (no submenu exist).
- Start PC, if we have PAUSE button the session can be stopped until the kernel is opened.
![[PukiWiki]](image/c60.png "[PukiWiki]")
