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{\Large \bf Particle Theory Group}\\
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Professor          &:&Zyun~F.~Ezawa,~Ken-ichi Hikasa~and~Masahiro~Yamaguchi\\
Associate Professor&:&Takeo~Moroi,~Masaharu~Tanabashi~and~Satoshi~Watamura\\
Assistant Professor&:&Masahiro~Hotta,~Hiroshi~Ishikawa,~Yukinari~Sumino\\
                   & &and~Youichi~Yamada\\
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(http://www.tuhep.phys.tohoku.ac.jp/)\\

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The subjects of \textit{particle physics} are the elementary particles
--- the most basic constituents of matter ---
and their interactions
--- the most fundamental law of Nature.
Particle physics is also called \textit{high energy physics},
since the short-distance physics corresponds to the high-energy physics
because of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.

The theory of particle physics is based on relativistic quantum field
theory.
In particular, gauge theories are most important.
Four interactions are known presently to act among particles:
They are the electromagnetic interaction, the weak interaction,
the strong interaction and the gravitational interaction.
The first three interactions are merged into a single gauge theory,
the \textbf{Standard Model},
which is surely one of the most important achievements in physics
of the last century.

Although the standard model is very successful, it leaves many
unanswered questions.
Various candidates for physics beyond the standard model have been
introduced to solve them.
\textbf{Supersymmetry} and \textbf{Grand Unification}
have received much attention in this context.
There might exist new strong interactions such as technicolor.
We study various aspects of these ``physics beyond the standard model'',
e.g., unification of the coupling constants, proton decay, production
of supersymmetric particles at colliders, neutrino mass, solar
neutrinos, W boson scattering, CP violation and flavor-changing
neutral current, etc..

Particle physics is intimately related to \textbf{cosmology}.
Many kinds of particles, inaccessible in laboratory,
must have played essential roles in the beginning of the universe.
The present structure of the universe might be a result of
interactions among many unknown particles
activated by a high temperature at that time.
We study cosmic dark matter, cosmology of gravitinos,
inflation model of the universe, and the origin of the baryon number
in the universe.

Gravity is described by general relativity as a classical theory.
However, its quantization is an important problem yet to be solved.
\textbf{Quantum gravity} will be essential in understanding the very early
universe, the evaporation of black holes and so on.
We study the singularity structure and topology of the space-time
under strong gravitation.  This is related to the problem of information
loss in the quantum theory of black holes.

It is tempting to unify gravity as well.
\textbf{Superstring theory} is a good candidate to unify all interactions.
Recently there are big developments in this theory.
We study string duality, Dirichlet membranes, Dirichlet instantons,
F theory, and M theory.

Since quantum field theory is the basic tool in particle theory,
we are very much interested in every aspect of quantum field theory.
It is worthwhile to investigate it and develop it by its own sake.
We are attempting to construct a new quantum field theory based on noncommutative
geometry.
It is also important to apply it to various branches of physics.
For instance, \textbf{condensed matter physics} is a good field to test it.
There is a good chance to gain entirely new insights
from a quantum-field-theoretical point of view.
Indeed, we have already obtained very new results
by applying it to the analysis of quantum Hall effects.

In this way we are investigating various topics of \textit{particle
physics},
\textit{cosmology} and \textit{quantum field theory}
widely from the ultimate microscope to the ultimate macroscope.
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