%\documentstyle[pamph98,12pt,graphics]{report}
%\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{0.95}
%\begin{document}
%------------------------------------------------------

\begin{center}
{\Large \bf Nuclear Science Group}\\

\end{center}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[h]{lcl}
Professor          &:&Jirohta~Kasagi, Hajime~Shimizu and Hiroyuki~Hama \\
Associate Professor&:&Tadaaki~Tamae and Tsutomu~Ohtsuki \\
Assistant Professor &:& Hirohito~Yamazaki, Fujio~Hinode, Katsuhiro~Shinto, \\
& & and Hideyuki~Yuki\\
\end{tabular}
\vspace{0.3cm}

(http://www.lns.tohoku.ac.jp/)\\
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\rule{165mm}{0.3mm}
\end{center}
                           
The Laboratory of Nuclear Science (LNS) is a university-based laboratory affiliated to Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University. It was founded to aim at carrying out fundamental researches and applications in nuclear science as well as at educating students and researchers. The LNS facility operates two accelerators: a 300 MeV electron linear accelerator (LINAC) and a 1.2 GeV Stretcher-Booster ring (STB ring). The LINAC provides an intense pulsed beam and has been used in a wide range of research fields, not only in nuclear physics but in solid state physics, radiochemistry, biology, engineering, and so on. The construction of the STB ring of about 50 m in circumference was recently completed and the low-energy continuous beam became available for experiments. The 1.2 GeV electron beam started operation for experiments in 1999. 
Thus LNS provides tagged photon beams as well as continuous electron beams from 0.2 to 1.2 GeV in addition to the pulsed electron beams up to 0.25 GeV. 
The research program of Nuclear Science Group at LNS has three main components:
the quark nuclear physics program, the accelerator science program, and the radiochemistry program as follows.\\
{\bf  Quark Nuclear Physics}\\
Diverse studies on the hadron structure in nuclei and on various motions of nucleons in nuclei have been going on using the GeV electrons and photons from the STB ring.\\
{\it 1. Hadrons in Nuclei:} 
It is one of the most important things to do in QCD to search for precursors of the chiral transition which is expected to happen in high temperature and/or high density. The material density in the inside of the nucleus is extraordinarily high and is $\sim10^{14}g/cm^3$. In this regards, the character change of hadrons in the nucleus has been investigated using a GeV photon beam, which is able to produce hadrons inside the nucleus. \\	
{\it 2. Nuclear Physics:}  
The nucleon-nucleon correlation, relativistic effects and 
meson exchange currents are investigated by observing
particles emitted in electro- and photo-reactions.
On the other hand, quantum tunneling phenomena, dynamics of alpha-decay and ultra-low energy nuclear reactions, have been studied as non-accelerator experiments.\\
{\bf Beam Physics/Accelerator Science}\\
Non-linear beam dynamics 
in circular accelerators is studied by using the STB ring operated at the storage ring mode.  Slow beam extraction results from stochastic excitation of the betatron oscillation by applying white noise perturbation has been theoretically and experimentally examined.  In addition, fundamental accelerator physics for generation of very low beam emittance is progressed in collaboration with SPring-8.  Furthermore production of a low emittance beam using an RF gun for a high brilliant coherent light source such as the free electron laser is also studied.\\
{\bf Radio-chemistry}\\
Photo-nuclear reactions have been studied and applied to micro analysis of various elements in the environment and in biological material. Recently, a method to 
produce a radioactive fullerene (C$_{60}$) has been developed by bombarding
fullerenes with electrons and charged particles. The production mechanism is being investigated in detail.

%\end{document}



